In this article, we will discuss hydraulic cement.
1. Introduction
Hydraulic cement may be defined as the cement that sets quickly and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is sufficient for doing so underwater.
It is a product that is usually utilized to stop water and sets rapidly when opened to the water. It sets quickly within 5-10 minutes after putting water into it.
Chemical Composition
There are mainly four components of the hydraulic Cement,
a. Belite (2CaO·SiO2)
b. Alite (3CaO·SiO2)
c. Tricalcium aluminate/ Celite (3CaO·Al2O3)
d. Brownmillerite (4CaO·Al2O3Fe2O3)
The properties of this cement are derived by the silicates. Few additives are also required for particular properties such as highly decreased setting and curing time, stopping of shrinking, being capable to be utilized underwater, etc.
Its focuses on the principle of the process of hydration. It defines that dry hydraulic cement results hardened when it is opened to the water. The nature of the chemical products which are utilized in hydraulic cement acts as impervious to water damages and chemical attacks.
So, it is majorly utilized in the construction of structures that are in contact with water. The main materials in hydraulic cement are calcium silicate hydrate which raises the strength of the structures and makes them watertight.
2. Suitability of Hydraulic Cement for Construction
a. It is very necessary to choose the best type of cement as per the nature of the Construction work.
b. It is best for construction projects which required a fast setting and less curing time.
c. It should be chosen to use only for the construction works which can be constructed within 10-15 minutes with a moderate quantity of cement mix.
d. It has the capacity to add strength for the structures which are in the contact with water. This cement is generally utilized for the construction of highly durable structures.
e. It is very necessary to take proper measures while applying hydraulic cement in cold climates.
f. It does not shrink like normal cement and some also enlarge while hardening. This type of hydraulic cement which has the features to expand is very useful for sealing and repair works.
g. Repairing concrete structures with hydraulic cement is very strong and long lasts for many years.
3. Structure Uses Hydraulic Cement
It is commonly utilized for the construction of different structures which are given below:
a. Swimming pools
b. Foundations
c. Elevator pits
d. Drainage systems
e. Basement walls
f. Manholes
g. Chimneys
h. Cisterns and fountains
i. Marine Applications
j. For sealing the concrete and masonry structures.
4. Procedure to Apply
a. At the first step clean the surface where the hydraulic cement has to be used.
b. The surface should be free from Oil dirt or any other contaminant otherwise there should not be a nice bond will be seen.
c. The area where hydraulic cement to be applied should be saturated for 24 hours before its application.
d. It should be blended with a mechanical mixture to form the uniform mix.
e. Add water to it as per the manufacturer’s recommendation.
f. If there is huge water remove it otherwise there will be hard in its use.
g. Apply the hydraulic cement whenever required.
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5. Advantages of Hydraulic Cement
a. It is simple to work and use.
b. It rapidly sets and hardened which will help to reach the desired strength fastly.
c. It is non-shrinkable and does not undergo corrosion.
d. It is waterproof and can be used for the construction of underwater structures.
e. It is an economical solution compared to other cement materials.
f. It is mostly utilized for the construction of durable concrete repair works.
g. It can be utilized for sealing the basement and other concrete leakages.
6. Disadvantages of Hydraulic Cement
a. It gets hardened very fastly. so it is very important to utilize it within 10 to 15 minutes of mixing.
b. It cannot be utilized for frozen surfaces.
c. It is not flexible only best for giving mechanical support.
d. It cannot be utilized for the places where the temperature is below 48°F.
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